Handling Drunk Driving Cases
Chapter 1. Alcohol-Influenced Operating Offenses
§ 1:1. Introduction
§ 1:2. Operation while drunk defined
§ 1:2.50. Culpable mental state
§ 1:3. Per se offenses and blood alcohol presumptions
§ 1:4. What is per se?
§ 1:4.50. Contrasting the effectiveness of .10 and .08 per se legislation
§ 1:5. The role of presumptions in per se offenses
§ 1:6. General nature of presumptions
§ 1:7. Permissive inferences
§ 1:8. Difference in proof between inferences and presumptions
§ 1:9. Prima facie presumptions
§ 1:10. Effect of a presumption upon the burden of proof
§ 1:11. Effect of a presumption upon the burden of going forward
§ 1:12. Operation of a prima facie presumption; New York VTL § 1195
§ 1:12.50. Public highway—Indian reservations
§ 1:13. Mandatory presumptions
§ 1:14. Constitutionality of presumptions, generally
§ 1:15. Per se presumptions, generally
§ 1:16. Vagueness
§ 1:17. Conclusive nature of the BAC presumption
§ 1:18. State per se presumptions
§ 1:19. Operation
§ 1:19.50. Necessity
§ 1:20. Operation, selected cases
§ 1:21. Public highway
§ 1:21.50. “Motor vehicle”
§ 1:22. Place of operation, selected cases
§ 1:23. Accomplice liability
§ 1:24. Defenses, justification
§ 1:25. Defenses, entrapment
§ 1:26. Defenses, insanity
§ 1:26.30. Defenses, “sleep driving”
§ 1:26.50. Defenses, involuntary intoxication
§ 1:27. Prosecutorial vindictiveness
§ 1:28. The interstate compact and related issues
§ 1:29. Equal protection
§ 1:30. Under 21 zero tolerance
§ 1:31. Vicarious liability
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Chapter 2. Drug-Influenced Operating Offenses
§ 2:1. Drug-induced impairment--Marijuana
§ 2:2. Contrasting blood levels with physiological and psychomotor effects
§ 2:3. Typical statute
§ 2:3.30. Typical per se marijuana statute
§ 2:3.70. “Marijuana cards”
§ 2:4. The drug recognition examination
§ 2:5. Proof of drug impairment
§ 2:6. Drugs used in combination with alcohol
§ 2:7. Constitutionality
§ 2:8. Typical direct and cross of the state's expert
§ 2:9. Circuit court jurisdiction over misdemeanors when felony also charged
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Chapter 3. Homicides and Assaults
§ 3:1. Introduction
§ 3:2. Statutory provisions--Generally
§ 3:3. Typical statutory scheme--New York
§ 3:4. Culpability--Negligence
§ 3:5. Proximate cause--Generally
§ 3:6. --Intoxication, proof required
§ 3:7. --Intoxication, proof not required
§ 3:8. Culpability, gross negligence
§ 3:8.50. Contributory negligence and superseding cause
§ 3:9. Presumption of negligence from intoxication, constitutional issues
§ 3:10. Culpability, recklessness
§ 3:11. Victim, fetus
§ 3:12. Depraved indifference murder
§ 3:13. Particular instances
Part II. The Arrest
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Chapter 4. Stops
§ 4:1. Importance of analyzing the stop
§ 4:2. Delaware v Prouse
§ 4:2.50. Whren and beyond, is Delaware v. Prouse dead?
§ 4:3. The pretextual stop
§ 4:4. Constitutionality of pretextual stops
§ 4:4.50. Community caretaking function
§ 4:4.60. Mistake of law
§ 4:5. Litigation under the standard
§ 4:5.50. Crossing the edge line
§ 4:5.55. Anonymous tips--Navarette v. California
§ 4:5.56. --Post Navarette decisions
§ 4:5.60. --Pre-Navarette decisions
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Chapter 5. Roadblocks
§ 5:1. Federal constitutional principles
§ 5:2. State constitutional grounds
§ 5:3. Roadblock litigation
§ 5:4. U-turns
§ 5:5. Roadblock plans
§ 5:6. Litigation suggestions
§ 5:7. Selected cases
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Chapter 6. Arrests
§ 6:1. Introduction
§ 6:2. Probable cause to arrest
§ 6:3. Distinguished from probable cause to search
§ 6:4. Probable cause to arrest for driving while intoxicated
§ 6:5. Probable cause provided by another
§ 6:6. "Step from the car"
§ 6:7. Warrantless home arrests
§ 6:8. Litigation of home arrests
§ 6:9. Suggested analysis
§ 6:10. Point of arrest
§ 6:10.50. “Holdover arrests”
§ 6:11. Applicability of Miranda
§ 6:12. "In custody"
§ 6:13. Retroactivity of Berkemer
§ 6:14. Selected cases
§ 6:15. Representative Miranda cases
§ 6:16. Hospital questioning
§ 6:17. DWI and the hearing impaired--Introduction
§ 6:18. --The stop
§ 6:19. --Initial contact
§ 6:20. --Field sobriety testing
§ 6:21. --The Americans With Disabilities Act
§ 6:22. --Litigation under the ADA
§ 6:23. --Selected cases
§ 6:24. Consent
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Chapter 7. Field Sobriety Testing
§ 7:1. Constitutional basis--Fifth amendment
§ 7:2. --Fourth amendment
§ 7:3. Conditions producing physiological symptoms similar to alcohol
§ 7:4. Types of field sobriety tests--Initial examination
§ 7:5. Standardized sobriety tests
§ 7:6. The romberg balance
§ 7:7. The walk and turn
§ 7:8. Finger to nose
§ 7:9. One leg stand
§ 7:10. Horizontal gaze nystagmus
§ 7:10.50. Vertical Gaze Nystagmus
§ 7:11. Requirement of a foundation for admission
§ 7:12. Use of horizontal gaze nystagmus
§ 7:13. Recitation of the ABC's
§ 7:14. Criticism of "standard" sobriety tests
§ 7:15. Strategic considerations--Direct examination
§ 7:16. Cross-examination
§ 7:17. Physical condition reports
§ 7:18. Videotaping sobriety testing--Foundation
§ 7:19. Examination and preservation
§ 7:20. --Constitutional issues
§ 7:21. Audibility
§ 7:22. Visual quality
§ 7:23. Video tactics
§ 7:24. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 7:25. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
§ 7:26. Preliminary breath screening
§ 7:27. Use at trial
§ 7:27.50. Use at pre-trial hearings
§ 7:28. Right to a preliminary breath test
§ 7:29. Varieties of screening breath testers
§ 7:30. --Chemical reagent PBTs
§ 7:31. Electromechanical PBTs
§ 7:32. Uses and abuses of screening breath testers
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Chapter 8. Implied Consent
§ 8:1. Introduction
§ 8:2. The pre-implied consent era
§ 8:3. The genesis of implied consent
§ 8:4. Fourth Amendment challenges--Breithaupt, Schmerber and McNeely
§ 8:4.15. --Birchfield v. North Dakota
§ 8:4.30. Cases under Birchfield
§ 8:4.50. Retroactivity of McNeely
§ 8:4.70. Post McNeely decisions
§ 8:5. Fifth Amendment challenges--Self-incrimination
§ 8:6. --Double jeopardy
§ 8:7. Sixth Amendment challenges--Right to counsel
§ 8:8. --Due process
§ 8:9. --Equal protection
§ 8:10. The mechanics of implied consent
§ 8:11. Sample implied consent statute
§ 8:12. Prerequisites of implied consent
§ 8:13. --Who may order the test
§ 8:14. --Operation
§ 8:15. --Timing of the test
§ 8:15.30. --Need for an arrest
§ 8:15.50. Exigent circumstances
§ 8:16. Prerequisites of implied consent--Who may draw the sample
§ 8:17. --Implied consent warnings--Language
§ 8:17.30. Sample preservation
§ 8:17.50. --Juveniles
§ 8:18. Independent test
§ 8:19. Refusal and/or rescission of implied consent
§ 8:20. What is a refusal?
§ 8:21. Consequences of a refusal
§ 8:22. Implied consent test evidence
§ 8:23. Implied consent under McNeely
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Chapter 9. Chemical Test Submission and Independent Tests
§ 9:1. General principles
§ 9:2. South Dakota v Neville
§ 9:3. Right to counsel
§ 9:4. Choice of test
§ 9:4.50. Right to a chemical test
§ 9:5. Medical inability to furnish sample
§ 9:6. --Emphysema or chronic lung diseases
§ 9:6.50. --Urine
§ 9:7. --Burden of proof
§ 9:8. Motorist's right to an independent test
§ 9:9. Requiring submission to a second test
§ 9:9.50. Required warnings
§ 9:10. --The "confusion doctrine"
§ 9:10.50. Refusal warnings--Obstreperous behavior
§ 9:11. Language and hearing barriers
§ 9:12. Unconscious defendant
§ 9:13. What constitutes a refusal to submit
§ 9:14. Recanted refusals
§ 9:15. Admissibility at trial of test result after coerced submission
§ 9:16. Independent test as curing refusal
§ 9:17. Admissibility at trial of reason for refusal
§ 9:18. Admissibility of independent test result when offered by the state
§ 9:19. Admissibility of evidence of refusal
§ 9:20. Court ordered testing
§ 9:21. Admissibility of test results where test made for medical purposes
Part III. Chemical Testing—Generally
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Chapter 10. Absorption and Elimination of Alcohol
§ 10:1. Basic principles
§ 10:2. Absorption of alcohol through gastrointestinal tract
§ 10:3. Absorption from bladder, skin, and external sources
§ 10:4. Endogenous alcohol
§ 10:5. Distribution
§ 10:6. Elimination--General principles
§ 10:7. --Metabolism
§ 10:8. --Excretion
§ 10:9. Sex and age differences in absorption, distribution and elimination
§ 10:10. Clearance rates
§ 10:11. Significance of clearance rates to guilt
§ 10:12. Blood alcohol calculations
§ 10:13. Pitfalls involved in using retrograde extrapolation
§ 10:13.50. Admissibility of retrograde extrapolation
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Chapter 11. The Reported Effects of Alcohol
§ 11:1. General principles
§ 11:2. Effects on the body and the brain
§ 11:3. Alcohol and crash risk
§ 11:4. Epidemiologic studies
§ 11:5. Behavioral studies
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Chapter 12. Blood Testing
§ 12:1. Necessity for chemical testing
§ 12:2. Testing methods
§ 12:3. Blood testing--Basic principles
§ 12:4. Withdrawing blood
§ 12:5. Site cleansing
§ 12:6. Plasma vs. whole blood
§ 12:7. Preservatives
§ 12:8. Storage temperature
§ 12:9. Oxidation
§ 12:10. Effect of preservatives
§ 12:11. Clotting
§ 12:12. Direct analysis of blood--General principles
§ 12:13. Methods of analysis--Introduction
§ 12:14. Gas chromatography
§ 12:15. Headspace analysis
§ 12:16. Automated methods
§ 12:17. Traditional (wet chemistry) methods
§ 12:18. Testing facilities and their methods
§ 12:19. Compliance with rules and regulations
§ 12:20. Practice considerations
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Chapter 13. General Principles of Breath Testing
§ 13:1. Introduction
§ 13:2. Qualified products list
§ 13:3. The basic assumption; Obedience to Henry's Law
§ 13:4. Difficulties with the blood/Breath partition ratio--Generally
§ 13:5. --Hematocrit levels
§ 13:6. --Temperature variations
§ 13:7. Measurement during the absorptive phase
§ 13:8. Judicial interpretation of partition ratio variations--The Nebraska approach: Bjorsen, Burling and Babcock
§ 13:9. Jural instructions: McCarty and McDonald
§ 13:9.50. Breath alcohol statutes
§ 13:10. The New Jersey analysis: State v Downie
§ 13:11. Criticism of the Downie/Dubowski Approach
§ 13:12. Selected cases--Admissibility of evidence contesting reliability
§ 13:13. Challenging the blood/Breath partition ratio
§ 13:14. Challenges based upon the presumptive nature of the ratio
§ 13:15. Challenges based upon an inability to cross-examine
§ 13:16. Rational relationship of the blood/Breath partition ratio
§ 13:17. Challenges based upon differences in race and sex
§ 13:18. Accuracy of breath testing as compared to direct blood tests
§ 13:19. Sources of error
§ 13:20. Operator error
§ 13:21. Vapor inhalation
§ 13:22. Deviations from normal body temperature
§ 13:23. Variations in the cellular composition of blood
§ 13:24. Changes in barometric pressure
§ 13:25. Physical exercise and hyperventilation
§ 13:26. Loss of alcohol from condensation of water vapor
§ 13:27. Calibration--The simulator
§ 13:28. Simulators--Reported problems
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Chapter 14. Commonly Encountered Interferants
§ 14:1. Radio frequency interference
§ 14:2. Discovery of the problem
§ 14:3. Testing protocols
§ 14:4. Extent of the RFI problem
§ 14:5. Revisiting the RFI debate
§ 14:6. Identifying and avoiding RFI
§ 14:7. Strategies for prosecution and defense
§ 14:8. Legal implications of the RFI problem
§ 14:9. Acetone
§ 14:10. Acetaldehyde
§ 14:11. Mouth alcohol
§ 14:12. --The observation period
§ 14:13. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Part IV. Specific Breath Testing Equipment
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Chapter 15. The Breathalyzer® and The Photo-Intoximeter®
§ 15:1. Photometric testing--Generally
§ 15:2. The breathalyzer
§ 15:3. The breath collection system
§ 15:4. The chemical reaction system
§ 15:5. Catalyst
§ 15:6. The photometric system
§ 15:7. Test administration
§ 15:8. The operator's checklist
§ 15:9. Possible sources of error
§ 15:10. Sources of error--Ampoules
§ 15:11. --Glass quality
§ 15:12. --Bubbler tube errors
§ 15:13. --Non-specificity
§ 15:14. --Random sampling
§ 15:15. --Operator falsification
§ 15:16. --Valve leakage
§ 15:17. --Radio frequency interference
§ 15:18. --Too much sample in the chamber
§ 15:19. --Mechanical malfunctions
§ 15:20. --Operator error
§ 15:21. --Destructive nature of test
§ 15:22. --Observation period
§ 15:23. Solvents in room air
§ 15:24. The breathalyzer models 1000 and 1100
§ 15:25. Possible sources of error
§ 15:26. Legal recognition--General principles
§ 15:27. Selected cases
§ 15:28. Other photoelectric devices--The Photo-electric intoximeter
§ 15:29. Legal recognition
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Chapter 16. Infrared Absorption Instruments—The Intoxilyzer®
§ 16:1. Infrared absorption, generally
§ 16:2. The intoxilyzer--Generally
§ 16:3. Specific intoxilyzers--The omicron intoxilyzer (Model 4011)
§ 16:4. Operation
§ 16:5. Beam attenuator
§ 16:6. Possible sources of error--Blood/Breath partition ratio
§ 16:7. --Lack of internal reference
§ 16:8. --Lack of specificity
§ 16:9. Radio frequency interference and stability
§ 16:10. Model 4011A
§ 16:11. Intoxilyzer 4011AS and 4011AS-A
§ 16:12. Possible sources of error
§ 16:13. Operation
§ 16:14. Intoxilyzer Model 5000
§ 16:15. Sample quality
§ 16:16. Basic operation
§ 16:17. Sources of error--Specificity
§ 16:18. --Sample size
§ 16:19. --Radio frequency interference
§ 16:20. --Linearity
§ 16:21. --Software
§ 16:22. --The Intoxilyzer 5000/568G
§ 16:23. --Other reports of errorz
§ 16:24. --Susceptibility to solvents
§ 16:25. Selected cases
§ 16:26. The Intoxilyzer 8000
§ 16:27. Source codes
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Chapter 17. Other Infrared Devices—The BAC Verifier®, The DataMaster® and The Intoximeter® 3000
§ 17:1. The BAC verifier®
§ 17:2. Possible sources of error--Software
§ 17:3. Radio frequency interference
§ 17:4. The DataMaster® and DataMaster II®
§ 17:4.10. The DataMaster DMT
§ 17:5. Selected cases
§ 17:6. The Intoximeter® 3000
§ 17:7. Specificity; Acetone
§ 17:8. The taguchi cell
§ 17:9. Operation
§ 17:10. Sources of error
§ 17:11. Practice considerations
§ 17:12. Selected cases
§ 17:13. The AlcoTest 7110 MKII
§ 17:13.10. --Reliability and sources of error
§ 17:13.50. The AlcoTest 9510
§ 17:14. Revised three test battery
§ 17:15. Source code litigation
§ 17:16. --Source code anomalies rejected by New Jersey court
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Chapter 18. Gas Chromatograph Instruments
§ 18:1. General principles
§ 18:2. Particular chromatographs
§ 18:3. Sources of error
§ 18:4. Selected cases
Part V. Pretrial Incidents
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Chapter 19. Initial Decisions for Defense Counsel: From the Arrest through Grand Jury
§ 19:1. General principles
§ 19:2. Advice at the time of arrest
§ 19:3. Initial consultation--Opening considerations
§ 19:4. Initial client consultation
§ 19:5. Retainer agreements
§ 19:6. Arraignment, bail, and preliminary hearing
§ 19:7. The grand jury
§ 19:8. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 19:9. Fatalities
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Chapter 20. Initial Decisions for the Prosecutor: From the Arrest through Grand Jury
§ 20:1. General principles
§ 20:2. The charging function
§ 20:3. Pretrial intervention or diversion programs
§ 20:4. Grand jury presentment
§ 20:5. Sample outline for grand jury testimony: Arresting officer
§ 20:6. Sample outline for grand jury testimony: Breath test operator
§ 20:7. Sample outline for grand jury questions: Defense witnesses
§ 20:8. Waiver of indictment
§ 20:9. Indictment
§ 20:10. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
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Chapter 21. Discovery
§ 21:1. General principles
§ 21:2. Timeliness of discovery request
§ 21:3. Brady v Maryland
§ 21:4. Specificity of the demand
§ 21:5. Practice and procedure, generally
§ 21:6. Test documents
§ 21:7. Breathalyzer testing
§ 21:8. Blood testing
§ 21:9. Police reports
§ 21:9.50. HGN reports
§ 21:10. Subpoenas
§ 21:11. Reciprocol discovery
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Chapter 22. Preservation of Evidence
§ 22:1. Introduction
§ 22:2. California v Trombetta
§ 22:3. An affirmative duty to preserve; Bryant and Youngblood
§ 22:4. Application of Trombetta and Youngblood
§ 22:5. Pre-Trombetta cases
§ 22:6. Preserving breath samples
§ 22:7. Representative authority
§ 22:8. Breath sample destruction
§ 22:9. Ampoule preservation
§ 22:9.50. BAC DataMaster® documents
§ 22:10. Blood, urine or other specimens
§ 22:11. Videotapes
§ 22:12. Sanctions--Delayed production
§ 22:13. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 22:14. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
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Chapter 23. Pretrial Motions and Hearings
§ 23:1. General principles
§ 23:2. The pretrial motion
§ 23:3. Pretrial motion checklist
§ 23:4. Procedure
§ 23:5. Scope of the hearing and burden of proof
§ 23:6. The suppression hearing--The prosecutor's role
§ 23:7. --The defense role
§ 23:8. Suggested defense strategy
§ 23:9. Suggested prosecution strategy
§ 23:10. Decisions and orders
§ 23:11. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
§ 23:12. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
Chapter 24. Negotiation and Guilty Pleas
§ 24:1. General principles
§ 24:1.50. Specific performance
§ 24:2. Methods of negotiating a satisfactory plea
§ 24:3. Sentence promises
§ 24:4. Legal requirements for a valid guilty plea
§ 24:5. Importance of a knowing waiver
§ 24:6. Sample plea colloquy
§ 24:7. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
§ 24:8. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
Part VI. The Trial
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Chapter 25. Trial Preparation
§ 25:1. Introduction
§ 25:1.50. Mode of trial
§ 25:2. Prosecution approach--Basic strategy
§ 25:3. --Gathering information and preparing the case file
§ 25:4. --Learning the case
§ 25:5. --Preliminary witness interview and view of the scene
§ 25:6. --Getting the most from prosecution witnesses
§ 25:7. DOs and DON'Ts of preparation for the prosecutor
§ 25:8. Defense approach--Basic strategy
§ 25:9. --The importance of a theory
§ 25:10. --Gathering information and interviewing witnesses
§ 25:11. --Setting up a defense
§ 25:12. --Specific tactics
§ 25:13. DOs and DON'Ts of preparation for defense counsel
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Chapter 26. Jury Selection
§ 26:1. General principles
§ 26:2. Developing rapport, listening, and educating
§ 26:3. Determining a potential juror's predisposition
§ 26:4. Conducting the voir dire; Recording voir dire observations
§ 26:5. Suggested defense method
§ 26:6. Sample outline of voir dire questions for defense counsel
§ 26:7. Sample outline of voir dire questions for prosecutors
§ 26:8. Extraneous influences
§ 26:9. Challenges for cause and peremptory challenges
§ 26:10. Racial and gender motivated challenges
§ 26:11. Encouraging jurors to excuse themselves
§ 26:12. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 26:13. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
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Chapter 27. Opening Statements
§ 27:1. By the defense
§ 27:2. For the prosecution
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Chapter 28. The Prosecution's Case
§ 28:1. Prosecution point of view--Generally
§ 28:2. Defense point of view--Generally
§ 28:3. Direct examination of the arresting officer
§ 28:4. Cross-examination of the arresting officer
§ 28:5. The breath test operator--Direct examination
§ 28:6. Cross-examination of the breath test operator
§ 28:7. Chemist or technologist--Direct examination
§ 28:8. --On cross-examination
§ 28:9. Other witnesses--Direct examination
§ 28:10. --On cross-examination
§ 28:11. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
§ 28:12. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
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Chapter 29. The Defendant's Case
Research References
§ 29:1. Defense point of view
§ 29:2. Prosecution point of view
§ 29:3. Direct examination
§ 29:4. Cross-examining the defendant
§ 29:5. Prior convictions
§ 29:6. Witnesses other than chemical analysts--On direct examination
§ 29:7. --On cross-examination
§ 29:8. Alcohol expert--Selecting an expert
§ 29:9. --On direct examination
§ 29:10. --On cross-examination
§ 29:11. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 29:12. DOs and DON'Ts for the prosecutor
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Chapter 30. The Summation
Research References
§ 30:1. General principles
§ 30:2. Defense summation--Fundamental strategy
§ 30:3. Put jurors in a defensive frame of mind
§ 30:4. Condition jury to think in terms of reasonable doubt
§ 30:5. Demonstrate the case is replete with reasonable doubt
§ 30:6. Anticipate prosecution summation
§ 30:7. Concluding the summation
§ 30:8. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 30:9. Prosecution summation--Fundamental strategy
§ 30:10. Put jurors in a prosecutorial frame of mind
§ 30:11. Show how all the elements of each charge were satisfied
§ 30:12. Prove common law intoxication
§ 30:13. Prove the test result
§ 30:14. Summarily dispatch the defense arguments
§ 30:15. Closing
§ 30:16. Common prosecutorial summation errors
§ 30:17. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
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Chapter 31. Requests to Charge
Research References
§ 31:1. General principles
§ 31:2. Sample jury instructions--Introduction
§ 31:3. --The per se offense
§ 31:4. Common law driving while intoxicated
§ 31:5. Operating a motor vehicle while ability is impaired by consumption of alcohol
§ 31:6. Preparing the prosecution request to charge
§ 31:7. Preparing defendant's requests to charge
§ 31:8. Preserving the record for appellate review
§ 31:9. Reasonable doubt
§ 31:9.50. Circumstantial evidence
§ 31:10. Selected cases--General principles
§ 31:11. --Presumptions
§ 31:12. --Refusals
§ 31:13. --Pattern jury instructions
§ 31:14. --Common law driving while intoxicated
§ 31:14.50. --Per se offenses
§ 31:15. --Defenses
§ 31:15.50. --Operation
§ 31:16. DOs and DON'Ts for defense counsel
§ 31:17. DOs and DON'Ts for prosecutors
Part VII. Special Problems
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Chapter 32. The SuperTough Case
Research References
§ 32:1. Introduction
§ 32:2. Initial involvement
§ 32:3. Bail and the preliminary hearing
§ 32:4. Publicity
§ 32:5. Plea bargaining
§ 32:6. Investigation
§ 32:7. Administrative hearings
§ 32:8. Discovery
§ 32:9. The bill of particulars
§ 32:10. The motion to dismiss
§ 32:11. The motion to suppress
§ 32:12. Strategy
§ 32:13. Organization
§ 32:14. Picking the SuperTough jury
§ 32:15. Opening the SuperTough case
§ 32:16. Cross-examination of the arresting officer
§ 32:17. Accident reconstruction
§ 32:18. Handling the blood test
§ 32:19. Defendant's testimony--Preparation
§ 32:20. Closing the SuperTough case
§ 32:21. Protecting the record
§ 32:22. Conclusion
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Chapter 33. Suspension Pending Prosecution
Research References
§ 33:1. Introduction
§ 33:2. Right vs. privilege
§ 33:3. Punishment
§ 33:4. Reasonable doubt
§ 33:5. Due process--Notice and hearing
§ 33:5.50. --Equal protection
§ 33:6. --Variability
§ 33:7. Separation of powers
§ 33:8. Representative statutes--Judicial suspension
§ 33:9. Administrative suspension
§ 33:10. Double jeopardy--Introduction
§ 33:11. --Background
§ 33:12. --Punishment
§ 33:13. --Successive prosecutions
§ 33:14. --Application of the rule
§ 33:14.50. Collateral estoppel
§ 33:15. Cumulative or successive
§ 33:16. Litigation under Kurth
§ 33:17. Misreading Halper
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Chapter 34. Special Evidentiary Problems
Research References
§ 34:1. Introduction
§ 34:2. The Frye rule
§ 34:3. FRE Rule 702
§ 34:4. Application of Frye
§ 34:5. Application of the "reliability" test
§ 34:6. Physician-patient privilege
§ 34:7. Assertion by patient--Waiver
§ 34:8. Assertion by physician
§ 34:9. Assertion by hospital
§ 34:10. Application of the rule
§ 34:11. Business entries
§ 34:11.30. Crawford vs. Washington
§ 34:11.50. Cases under Crawford
§ 34:11.60. Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts
§ 34:11.70. Bullcoming v. New Mexico
§ 34:12. Basis for the rule
§ 34:13. Best evidence vs. hearsay
§ 34:14. Statutory provisions
§ 34:15. Requirements for admission
§ 34:16. Preliminary finding as to admissibility
§ 34:17. Documents prepared for litigation
§ 34:18. Specific terms--Any "business"
§ 34:19. "At or about the time"
§ 34:20. Chain of custody
§ 34:21. Corroboration
§ 34:22. Admission of other incidents
§ 34:23. Toxicological testimony
§ 34:24. Statements made to probation officer
§ 34:25. The Sensory Data Module
§ 34:26. Victim’s BAC
§ 34:27. Attorney client privilege
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Chapter 35. Enhancement, Sanctions, and Enforcement
§ 35:1. General principles
§ 35:2. Innovations in enforcement
§ 35:3. Potential sentences
§ 35:3.50. Ignition interlock devices
§ 35:4. License suspension or revocation
§ 35:5. Enhancement
§ 35:6. Baldasar, Scott, and Nichols
§ 35:6.50. Litigation under Nichols
§ 35:7. Litigation under Baldasar
§ 35:8. Enhancement--Ex post facto considerations
§ 35:9. Deportation